Author: Kim Edgell
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Nucleic acid homework 1: Nucleic acid structure
Name: __________________________________   %: ___________
Q1.(a)     The table shows some substances found in cells. Complete the table to show the properties of these substances. Put a tick in the box if the statement is correct.
 
| Substance
Statement | Starch | Glycogen | Deoxyribose | DNA helicase
Substance contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen | | | |
Substance is made from amino acid monomers | | | |
Substance is found in both animal cells and plant cells | | | |
(4)
(b)     The diagram shows two molecules of β-glucose.
 
On the diagram, draw a box around the atoms that are removed when the two β-glucose molecules are joined by condensation.
(2)
(c)     (i)      Hydrogen bonds are important in cellulose molecules. Explain why.
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(ii)     A starch molecule has a spiral shape. Explain why this shape is important to its function in cells.
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Q2.The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule.
 
(a)     (i)      DNA is a polymer. What is the evidence from the diagram that DNA is a polymer?
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(ii)     Name the parts of the diagram labelled C, D and E.
Part C                       ________________________
Part D                       ________________________
Part E                       ________________________(3)
(iii)    In a piece of DNA, 34% of the bases were thymine.Complete the table to show the names and percentages of the other bases.
 
Name of base | Percentage
Thymine | 34
| 34
(2)
(b)     A polypeptide has 51 amino acids in its primary structure.
(i)      What is the minimum number of DNA bases required to code for the amino acids in this polypeptide?

(1)

(ii)     The gene for this polypeptide contains more than this number of bases.Explain why
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Q3.(a)     Describe and explain how the structure of DNA results in accurate replication.
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(4)
Q4.A bacterium is shown in the diagram.
 
(a)     Calculate the magnification of the image.

Magnification = _________________(1)
(b)     Complete the table to show the features of a bacterium and a virus.
Put a tick (✔) in the box if the feature is shown.
 
Surface | Bacterium | Virus
Cell-surface membrane | |
Nucleus | |
Cytoplasm | |
Capsid | |
(2)
(c)     DNA and RNA can be found in bacteria.
Give two ways in which the nucleotides in DNA are different from the nucleotides in RNA.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________(2)

Q5.(a)     What is the proteome of a cell?
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(1)

Flipped learning:
Outcomes:
•	Compare and contrast DNA in eukaryotes with that of prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts
•	Explain why much of eukaryotic DNA can be considered as non-coding

The aim of this activity is to develop your research skills and to develop your learning independence. This is also good comprehension practice. The information you compile here will help you with the work in the booklet. 
Watch the videos and read the information in the links. For task 1 complete the PDF on the link attached that goes with the video. 
For tasks 2-7 make your own notes under the following heading:
a)	Similarities in eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA
b)	Difference in eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA 
c)	Structure of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA
d)	Theory of endosymbiosis 
e)	Functions of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes 
1.	Recap of Prokaryotic cells vs Eukaryotic cells.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc
Activity sheet to complete with the video: https://www.amoebasisters.com/uploads/2/1/9/0/21902384/prokaryotic_vs._eukaryotic_cells_recap_by_amoeba_sisters.pdf. Click and download the PDF to complete while watching the video. 

2.	Overview video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04Y_JNzuyvk

3.	Eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA comparison. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/23%3A_Protists/23.1%3A_Eukaryotic_Origins/23.1B%3A_Characteristics_of_Eukaryotic_DNA

4.	Eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA comparison.
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/32-chromosomes/prokaryotic-vs-eukaryotic.html

5.	Comparison of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA (endosymbiosis). https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/23%3A_Protists/23.1%3A_Eukaryotic_Origins/23.1C%3A_Endosymbiosis_and_the_Evolution_of_Eukaryotes

6.	Comparison of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA (endosymbiosis). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU

7.	Non-coding DNA
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/noncodingdna